The common grapevine, Vitis vinifera, a woody, climbing vine believed domesticated in the South Caucasus and the Near East roughly six to eight thousand years ago, among the oldest fruit crops brought under cultivation. Grapes are grown for eating fresh, for drying into raisins and currants, and as the raw material of wine and other fermented drinks, and the crop's farming, known as viticulture, spans distinct growing techniques for table and wine varieties. China, Italy, Spain, France and the United States rank among the largest producers by area and volume, and thousands of named grape varieties are cultivated worldwide, each suited to different climates, soils and end uses.
Facts
Scientific Name Domestication Region Era
Era (category) Connections
Affected By
Source Arabis mosaic virus (Wikipedia)
Source Botryosphaeria stevensii (Wikipedia)
Source Crown Gall (Wikipedia)
Source Hop stunt viroid (Wikipedia)
Source Pierce's Disease (Wikipedia)
Source Plasmopara viticola (Wikipedia)
Source Spotted Lanternfly (Wikipedia)
Source Spotted Wing Drosophila (Wikipedia)
Associated With
Crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis) is a major soil-borne bacterial disease of grapevine, especially in nurseries.
Grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is one of the most historically significant vineyard diseases, prompting the invention of Bordeaux mixture.
Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa) is a major, often fatal disease of grapevine in the Americas.
Grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is one of the most significant fungal diseases of cultivated grapevine.
The spotted lanternfly is a major invasive threat to vineyards in the northeastern United States.
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Era Of Origin
Also in History Atlas: the era this subject comes from.
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Source Grape (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Grape (Wikipedia)
- lead: a fruit, botanically a berry
- lead: the fruit has been used as human food throughout its history
- lead: deciduous woody vines
- lead: cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,000 years ago
View the Source2. Grape, Wikipedia
Grapevines
Most domesticated grapes come from cultivars of Vitis vinifera, a grapevine native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia.
History
The Middle East is generally described as the homeland of grapes
lead description or Wikipedia lead (crop-class)
The common grapevine, Vitis vinifera, a woody, climbing vine believed domesticated in the South Caucasus and the Near East roughly six to eight thousand years ago, among the oldest fruit crops brought under cultivation.
View the SourceGrape (Wikipedia)
History sectionQuote, History section
The Middle East is generally described as the homeland of grapes and the cultivation of this plant began there 6,000-8,000 years ago.
Spotted Lanternfly (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAffected By: Spotted Lanternfly, Article textQuote, Affected By: Spotted Lanternfly, Article text
Its preferred host is the also invasive tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), but it also feeds on other trees, and on crops including soybean, grapes, stone fruits, and Malus species.
Crown Gall (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAffected By: Crown Gall, Article textQuote, Affected By: Crown Gall, Article text
Economically, A. tumefaciens is a serious pathogen of walnuts, grape vines, stone fruits, nut trees, sugar beets, horseradish, and rhubarb, and the persistent nature of the tumors or galls caused by the disease make it particularly harmful for perennial crops.
Pierce's Disease (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAffected By: Pierce's Disease, Article textQuote, Affected By: Pierce's Disease, Article text
Many plant diseases are due to infections of X. fastidiosa, including bacterial leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, coffee leaf scorch (CLS), alfalfa dwarf, phony peach disease, and the economically important Pierce's disease of grapes (PD), olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS), and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC).
Spotted Wing Drosophila (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAffected By: Spotted Wing Drosophila, Article textQuote, Affected By: Spotted Wing Drosophila, Article text
D. suzukii is a fruit crop pest and is a serious economic threat to soft summer fruit, i.e., cherries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, grapes, and others.
Arabis mosaic virus (Wikipedia)
Affected By: Arabis mosaic virus, Article textQuote, Affected By: Arabis mosaic virus, Article text
Arabis mosaic virus infects multiple hosts, including strawberries, hops, hemp, grape, geraniums, raspberries, sugar beets, celery, horseradish, lilac, peach, and lettuces.
Plasmopara viticola (Wikipedia)
Affected By: Plasmopara viticola, Article textQuote, Affected By: Plasmopara viticola, Article text
During favorable weather the lesions sporulate and new secondary infections occur. == Description == Plasmopara viticola, also known as grape downy mildew, is considered to be the most devastating disease of grapevines in climates with relatively warm and humid summers.
Botryosphaeria stevensii (Wikipedia)
Affected By: Botryosphaeria stevensii, Article textQuote, Affected By: Botryosphaeria stevensii, Article text
Botryosphaeria stevensii (Apple sphaeropsis) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes cankers on several tree species including apple and juniper as well as causing cankers on grape vines.
Hop stunt viroid (Wikipedia)
Affected By: Hop stunt viroid, Lead sectionQuote, Affected By: Hop stunt viroid, Lead section
infects the common hop plant, citrus plants, grapevines, cucumber, and several Prunus species
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