Controlled-Environment and Soilless Cultivation

Practices that grow crops inside a built or engineered environment rather than an open field, or without soil at all, including greenhouse cultivation, hydroponics and vertical farming. Belongs here: any practice defined by controlling light, temperature or growing medium directly rather than working with open-field soil and weather. Does not belong here: an open-field practice that merely uses technology to manage inputs, grouped under Precision, Genetic and Holistic Farming Approaches.