The household responsibility system was the reform that dismantled agricultural collectivization in China, beginning informally in November 1978 when eighteen villagers in Xiaogang, Anhui province secretly agreed to divide their commune' s land among individual households, each keeping any surplus produce after meeting a fixed government quota, and formally adopted nationwide by 1982 as part of Deng Xiaoping' s Reform and Opening program. Rural cadres reorganized China' s communes by assigning land parcels and output quotas to individual households rather than collective work teams, and China' s agricultural sector subsequently grew at an annual rate of 7.7 percent between 1978 and 1984, well above the 2.9 percent annual growth of the preceding collectivized period, with the reform credited with roughly half of that output growth.
Facts
Milestone Year WhenFirst adopted 1979, officially established 1982 1 Classification
Type/ClassificationAgricultural Policy or Legislative Milestone 1 Connections
Associated With
Land Tenure, Concepts China's household responsibility system replaced collective farming with individual household contracts over land use rights, a change in land tenure rather than ownership.
In the Other Atlases
- Also in Geography Atlas: China, found in there.
Sources
1. Household responsibility system (Wikipedia)
Intro, first sentence
first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and officially established in 1982
Overview
The household responsibility system replaced collective farming.
lead description (milestone-kind)
The household responsibility system was the reform that dismantled agricultural collectivization in China, beginning informally in November 1978 when eighteen villagers in Xiaogang, Anhui province secretly agreed to divide their commune' s land among individual households, each keeping any surplus produce after meeting a fixed government quota, and formally adopted nationwide by 1982 as part of Deng Xiaoping' s Reform and Opening program.
Lead paragraph, start year
The household responsibility system (simplified Chinese: 家庭联产承包责任制; traditional Chinese: 家庭聯產承包責任制; pinyin: jiātíng liánchǎn chéngbāo zérènzhì), or contract responsibility system, was a practice in China, first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and officially established in 1982 during the early phase of Reform and Opening, by which households are held responsible for the profits and losses of an enterprise.
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